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| [[Image:Romanization minelba.jpg|right|211px|thumb|Minerva; hypercorrecting "r" into "l", while somehow retaining the "b" from Japanese phonemes. Oh, Takara.]]
| | #REDIRECT[[Japanese language]] |
| '''Romanization''' refers to the adaptation of languages or words that do not use Latin letters to the 26-character Latin [[alphabet]] used in English (among other, less important languages). Technically, the English-specific term would be "Anglicization".
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| The proper Romanization of Japanese character names can sometimes be unclear. This wiki notes such ambiguities if they are considered significant.
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| ==Japanese (カタカナ、ひらがな、感じ ''Katakana, Hiragana, Kanji'')==
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| Any writing system is (at best) an approximation of the sounds it represents. The Japanese writing system distinguishes between fewer [[Wikipedia:Phoneme|phonemes]] than most. This does not mean the language ''lacks'' those phonemes... English has more than 26 sounds, which is denoted by character-combinations ("ch" makes a sound that is not the combination of the mouth-movements for "c" and "h", but a close cousin), but even those combinations are imperfect; the double-o represents different sounds in "cook" and "spook". Japanee is a bit hard to romanised. This is because of its writing system, ''Kana'' (Katakana and Hiragana) and ''Kanji'', have no official romanisation. So, many people romanised it from sound they hear.
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| Kana is a syllable script, this means its not using one-per-one letter like latin but two-per-one, like a particle on a syllable. Example like ど do, は ha, ぐ gu, and け ke. Kana divided into two kind: Katakana (カタカナ) and Hiragana (ひらがな).
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| {|
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| |- valign="top"
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| {| class="wikitable"
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| |+Hiragana (left) and Katakana (right)
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| |-
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| !
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| !title="single vowels"| –
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| !''k''
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| !''s''
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| !''t''
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| !''n''
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| !''h''
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| !''m''
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| !''y''
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| !''r''
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| !''w''
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| |- style="font-size:2em"
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| !style="font-size:0.5em"|''a''
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| |あア
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| |かカ
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| |さサ
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| |たタ
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| |なナ
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| |はハ
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| |まマ
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| |やヤ
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| |らラ
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| |わワ
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| |- style="font-size:2em"
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| !style="font-size:0.5em"|''i''
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| |いイ
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| |きキ
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| |しシ
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| |ちチ
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| |にニ
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| |ひヒ
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| |みミ
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| |*
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| |りリ
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| |ゐヰ
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| |- style="font-size:2em"
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| !style="font-size:0.5em"|''u''
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| |うウ
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| |くク
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| |すス
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| |つツ
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| |ぬヌ
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| |ふフ
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| |むム
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| |ゆユ
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| |るル
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| |*
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| |- style="font-size:2em"
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| !style="font-size:0.5em"|''e''
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| |えエ
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| |けケ
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| |せセ
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| |てテ
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| |ねネ
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| |へヘ
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| |めメ
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| |*
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| |れレ
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| |ゑヱ
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| |- style="font-size:2em"
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| !style="font-size:0.5em"|''o''
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| |おオ
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| |こコ
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| |そソ
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| |とト
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| |のノ
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| |ほホ
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| |もモ
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| |よヨ
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| |ろロ
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| |をヲ
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| |}
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|
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| {| class="wikitable"
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| |+ <br><small> </small>
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| |-
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| | style="text-align:center" | <span style="font-size:2em">んン</span><br>'''(''n'')'''
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| |}
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| |}
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| There are two small diacritics to modify letter pronouncation. These are caled ''Dakuten'' and divided into two, ''dakuten'' (゙ ) resembles a quotation mark, ''handakuten'' (゚ ) is a small circle, similar to a degree sign, both placed at the top right corner of a kana character. The usage of these sign in limited. Dakuten used to modify consonant k, s, t, and f into g, z, d, and b, while handakuten is used to modify consonant f into p. More on [[Wikipedia:Dakuten|Dakuten]].
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| Kanji (感じ) is Chinese character-like, well, this is hard to explain. Better go to [[Wikipedia:Kanji|Kanji]].
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| Notably the Japanese script does not distinguish between the sounds "l" and "r", and English-speaking Japanese lack a mechanism for distinguishing the sounds in other languages. Foreign words in Japan frequently acquire ''creative'' spellings as a result of being rendered "down" into the Japanese script then re-Romanized; in such situations "[[Engrish]]" is a perfectly logical rendering. Accuracy is generally a low priority, as English characters are ''generally'' used to look cool, not make sense to Japanese children.
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| In fairness, we mangled the name of their entire country. [[Drift (G1)|And it's happened back-to-front in Transformers, now]].
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| {{see|Wikipedia:Romanization of Japanese}}
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| ===Notorious and hilarious Romaji in Transformers===
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| Romaji confusion can either be;
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| # Improper Japanese rendering of English names
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| # Words whose English spelling is open to interpretation.
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| * Minelba—Minerva
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| * Butt—[[Blot (G1)|Blot]]
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| * Clerken—[[Kraken]]
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| * "Comvoy", used on the packaging for ''[[Transformers: Mystery of Convoy]]''
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| * Variations of "[[Decepticon|Destron]]", including "Deathtron" and "Destoron"
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| * [[Deathsaurus (Victory)|Deszaras]]
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| * [[Rartorata]]
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| * [[The Transformers Collection|Transformers Collection]] [[Kup (G1)|Chear]]
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| * A questionable case would be the various Japanese [[Mirage (G1)|Mirage]] toys named "Rijie" (''[[Robot Masters (franchise)|Robot Masters]]'', ''[[Transformers: Alternators|Binaltech]]'')—although the character's name was based on the original toy's vehicle mode, a Ligier racing car, Takara's insistence on using a Romanization of the name that's considerably different from the car manufacturer's name might hint at a willful decision.
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| ==Korean (한글 ''Han-geul'')==
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| Although the Korean language have not much effect in Transformers universe, Transformers still airing on Korea using their own language. This could be confusing, because, just like Japanese, many names on English Transformers were different on Korean Transformers. The Korean language used ''Hangeul'' writing system created by Dynasty Joseon on 1443. Modern day Hangeul use ''Revisised Romanisation of Korean'' to romanise it.
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| Hangeul seems more like Chinese character ''Hanzi'', but actually it is an alphabet (Hanzi syllable still used on South Korea and called ''Hanja'' 한자, 漢子). Hangul is a true alphabet of 24 consonant and vowel letters. However, instead of being written sequentially like the letters of the Latin alphabet, Hangul letters are grouped into blocks, such as 한 han, each of which transcribes a syllable. The syllable 한 han may look like a single character, but it is composed of three letters: ㅎ h, ㅏ a, and ㄴ n.
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| Hangul letters and digraphs are called ''jamo'' (자모; 字母) or ''natsori'' (낱소리). There are 24 letters and 27 digraphs (and sometimes trigraphs) formed from these letters in the modern alphabet. Of the letters, fourteen are consonants (ja-eum 자음, 子音 "child sounds") and ten are vowels (mo-eum 모음, 母音 "mother sounds"). Five of the consonants are doubled to form the five "tense" (faucalized) consonants of Korean (see below), while another eleven sequences are formed of two different consonants. The ten vowel letters are combined into eleven sequences for diphthongs.
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| The following letters and clusters of letters are found in the modern script:<br />
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| 14 consonant letters: ㄱ g, ㄴ n, ㄷ d, ㄹ r on top/l on bottom, ㅁ m, ㅂ b, ㅅ s, ㅇ not read on top/ng on bottom, ㅈ j, ㅊ ch, ㅋ k, ㅌ t, ㅍ p, ㅎ h<br />
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| 5 double ("tense") consonants: ㄲ kk, ㄸ tt, ㅃ pp, ㅆ ss, ㅉ jj<br />
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| 11 consonant clusters: ㄳ gs, ㄵ nj, ㄶ nh, ㄺ rg, ㄻ lm, ㄼ lb, ㄽ ls, ㄾ lt, ㄿ lp, ㅀ lh, ㅄ bs<br />
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| 6 vowel letters: ㅏ a, ㅓ eo, ㅗ o, ㅜ u, ㅡ eu, ㅣ i<br />
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| 4 iotized vowels (with a y): ㅑ ya, ㅕ yeo, ㅛ yo, ㅠ yu<br />
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| 5 (iotized) diphthongs: ㅐ ae, ㅒ yae, ㅔ e, ㅖ ye, ㅢ ui<br />
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| 6 vowels and diphthongs with a w: ㅘ wa, ㅙ wae, ㅚ oe, ㅝ wo, ㅞ we, ㅟ wi<br />
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| ===Confusion of romanisation of Hangeul===
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| Hangeul not exactly a what-you-see-is-what-you-must-read alphabet. Some letter mustn't be read what they supposed when they're on bottom of a glyph (in this case, ㄹ and ㅇ doesn't included because they already have rules when placed on top or bottom). For example, ''Hangukeo'' (Korean Language) written as 한국어 and supposed to read as ''Hangugeo'', ''Hangukeun ne gyejeori tturyeothada'' (Korea has four distinct seasons) written as 한국은 네 계절이 뚜렷하다 and supposed to read as ''Hangugeun ne gyeojeoli ttureoshada''. This confonfusion has corrected on Indonesian Hangeul.
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| ==Indonesian==
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| The Indonesian language spoken across the Malay archipelago by 206 million peoples of Indonesia, a small number also exist on East Timor, Singapore, United States, Canada, and Australia. Indonesian language has 6 official writing system, they are Roman, Cyrillic, Greek alphabet, Hangeul (known as Hangul), Arabian, and Hebrew. Each of them has already fitted for Indonesian language.
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| ===Latin (Latin)===
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| Indonesian Roman alphabet has difference from the basic roman alphabet. It is consist of 24 consonants and 6 vowels, 26 from basic roman alphabet, 4 added with diacritic. Well, beacuse this is roman alphabet, there's no need to romanise.
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| Indonesian started using Roman alphabet its independence. That time, Indonesia using Van Ophuijsen Spelling system, followed by Republik Spelling System on 1972, and Perfected Spelling System (PSS) on 2000. Now Indonesia uses PSS phase 3 that somehow alot different from PSS phase 1 and 2.
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| The letters are:
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| {| class="wikitable"
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| ! rowspan=1| Letter
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| ! colspan=1| Name
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| ! colspan=1| Note
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| |-
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| |- align=center
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| | Aa || ''a'' || '''a''' as in f'''a'''ther
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| |- align=center
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| | Bb || ''bé'' || '''b''' as in '''b'''ed
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| |- align=center
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| | Cc || ''cé'' || '''ch''' as in '''ch'''eck
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| |- align=center
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| | Dd || ''dé'' || '''d''' as in '''d'''ay
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| |- align=center
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| | Ee || ''e'' || '''u''' as in f'''u'''r
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| |- align=center
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| | Ff || ''éf'' || '''f''' as in '''f'''ish
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| |- align=center
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| | Gg || ''gé'' || '''g''' as in '''g'''ain
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| |- align=center
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| | Éé || ''é'' || '''é''' as in '''r'''ed
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| |- align=center
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| | Hh || ''ha'' || '''h''' as in '''h'''arm
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| |- align=center
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| | Ii || ''i'' || '''i''' as in '''i'''gloo
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| |- align=center
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| | Jj || ''jé'' || '''j''' as in '''j'''am
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| |- align=center
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| | Ññ || ''ñe'' || Spanish ñ
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| |- align=center
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| | Kk || ''ka'' || unaspirated '''k''' as in s'''k'''ate
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| |- align=center
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| | Ll || ''él'' || '''l''' as in '''l'''et
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| |- align=center
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| | Mm || ''ém'' || '''m''' as in '''m'''all
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| |- align=center
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| | Nn || ''én'' || '''n''' as in '''n'''et
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| |- align=center
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| | Ng ng || ''éng'' || '''ng''' as in fi'''ng'''er
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| |- align=center
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| | Oo || ''o'' || '''o''' as in b'''o'''t
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| |- align=center
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| | Pp || ''pé'' || unaspirated '''p''' as in s'''p'''eak
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| |- align=center
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| | Qq || ''qi'' || '''q''' as in the '''Q'''uran
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| |- align=center
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| | Rr || ''ér'' || Spanish '''rr''' as in pue'''rr'''o
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| |- align=center
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| | Ss || ''és'' || '''s''' as in '''s'''un
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| |- align=center
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| | Šš || ''éš'' || '''sh''' as in '''sh'''ake
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| |- align=center
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| | Tt || ''té'' || unaspirated '''t''' as in s'''t'''ill
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| |- align=center
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| | Uu || ''u'' || '''oo''' as in f'''oo'''t
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| |- align=center
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| | Vv || ''vé'' || '''v''' as in '''v'''an
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| |- align=center
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| | Ww || ''wé'' || '''w''' as in '''w'''et
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| |- align=center
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| | Þþ || ''éþ'' || '''th''' as in '''th'''at
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| |- align=center
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| | Xx || ''ékh'' || Indonesian '''x'''ušu (English: khusyu)
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| |- align=center
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| | Yy || ''yé'' || '''y''' as in '''y'''arn
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| |- align=center
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| | Zz || ''zét'' || '''z''' as in '''z'''ebra
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| |}
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| In addition of those letter, there are 6 vowels with y addition on front of them. They are:
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| {| class="wikitable"
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| ! rowspan=1| Letter
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| ! colspan=1| Name
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| ! colspan=1| Note
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| |-
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| |- align=center
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| | Ââ || ''ya'' || short '''ya''' as in '''Yaa'''sin
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| |- align=center
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| | Êê || ''yé'' || '''ye''' as in '''ye'''ah
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| |- align=center
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| | Èè || ''ye'' || '''ye''' as in law'''ye'''r
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| |- align=center
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| | Îî || ''yi' || '''yi''' as in '''Yi'''ddish
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| |- align=center
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| | Ôô || ''yo'' || '''yo''' as in '''Yo'''kohama
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| |- align=center
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| | Ûû || ''yu'' || '''yu''' as in '''Yu'''kon
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| |}
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| ===Cyrillic (Сирилик ''Sirilik'')===
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| This is a modified version of Cyrillic alphabet used on Russia. It is consist of 24 consonants and 6 vowels. Added as national writing system on 2012, along with Hebrew, Greek, and Hangul.
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| The letters are:
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| {| class="wikitable"
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| ! rowspan=1| Letter
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| ! colspan=1| Name
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| ! colspan=1| Roman equivalent
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| |-
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| |- align=center
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| | Аа || ''a'' || Aa
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| |- align=center
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| | Бб || ''bé'' || Bb
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| |- align=center
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| | Чч || ''cé'' || Cc
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| |- align=center
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| | Дд || ''dé'' || Dd
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| |- align=center
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| | Ээ || ''e'' || Ee
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| |- align=center
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| | Фф || ''éf'' || Ff
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| |- align=center
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| | Гг || ''gé'' || Gg
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| |- align=center
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| | Ее || ''é'' || é
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| |- align=center
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| | Хх || ''ha'' || Hh
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| |- align=center
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| | Ии || ''i'' || Ii
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| |- align=center
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| | Ыы || ''jé'' || Jj
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| |- align=center
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| | Ьь || ''yak'' || (This is a glottal stop)
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| |- align=center
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| | Кк || ''ka'' || Kk
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| |- align=center
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| | Лл || ''él'' || Ll
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| |- align=center
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| | Мм || ''ém'' || Mm
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| |- align=center
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| | Нн || ''én'' || Nn
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| |- align=center
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| | Оо || ''o'' || Oo
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| |- align=center
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| | Пп || ''pé'' || Pp
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| |- align=center
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| | Ҡҡ || ''qi'' || Qq
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| |- align=center
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| | Рр || ''ér'' || Rr
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| |- align=center
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| | Сс || ''és'' || Ss
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| |- align=center
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| | Шш || ''éš'' || Šš
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| |- align=center
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| | Тт || ''té'' || Tt
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| |- align=center
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| | Уу || ''u'' || Uu
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| |- align=center
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| | Вв || ''vé'' || Vv
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| |- align=center
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| | Ұұ || ''wé'' || Ww
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| |- align=center
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| | Цц || ''éþ'' || Þþ
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| |- align=center
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| | Кс кс || ''ékh'' || Xx
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| |- align=center
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| | Йй || ''yé'' || Yy
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| |- align=center
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| | Зз || ''zét'' || Zz
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| |}
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| Almost equal with Roman alphabet there are 3 addition vowels with y addition on front of them. They are:
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| {| class="wikitable"
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| ! rowspan=1| Letter
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| ! colspan=1| Name
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| ! colspan=1| Note
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| |-
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| |- align=center
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| | Яя || ''ya'' || Ââ
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| |- align=center
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| | Ёё || ''yo'' || Ôô
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| |- align=center
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| | Юю || ''yu'' || Ûû
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| |}
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| ===Greek (Ψυνανι ''Yunani'')===
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| Also a modified version of Greek alphabet used on Greek. Consist of 29 letters. Added as national writing system on 2012, along with Hebrew, Cyrillic, and Hangul.
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| The letters are:
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| {| class="wikitable"
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| ! rowspan=1| Letter
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| ! colspan=1| Name
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| ! colspan=1| Roman equivalent
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| |-
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| |- align=center
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| | Αα || ''a'' || Aa
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| |- align=center
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| | Ββ || ''bé'' || Bb
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| |- align=center
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| | Χχ || ''cé'' || Cc
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| |- align=center
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| | Δδ || ''dé'' || Dd
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| |- align=center
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| | Εε || ''e'' || Ee
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| |- align=center
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| | Φφ || ''éf'' || Ff
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| |- align=center
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| | Γγ || ''gé'' || Gg
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| |- align=center
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| | Ήή || ''é'' || Éé
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| |- align=center
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| | Ηη || ''ha'' || Hh
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| |- align=center
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| | Ιι || ''i'' || Ii
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| |- align=center
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| | Θθ || ''jé'' || Jj
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| |- align=center
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| | Κκ || ''ka'' || Kk
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| |- align=center
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| | Λλ || ''él'' || Ll
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| |- align=center
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| | Μμ || ''ém'' || Mm
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| |- align=center
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| | Νν || ''én'' || Nn
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| |- align=center
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| | Οο || ''o'' || Oo
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| |- align=center
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| | Ππ || ''pé'' || Pp
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| |- align=center
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| | Ωω || ''qi'' || Qq
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| |- align=center
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| | Ρρ || ''ér'' || Rr
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| |- align=center
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| | Σσ || ''és'' || Ss
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| |- align=center
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| | Ύς || ''éš'' || Šš
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| |- align=center
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| | Ττ || ''té'' || Tt
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| |- align=center
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| | Υυ || ''u'' || Uu
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| |- align=center
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| | Φφ || ''vé'' || Vv
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| |- align=center
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| | Ϋϋ || ''wé'' || Ww
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| |- align=center
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| | Ξξ || ''ékh'' || Xx
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| |- align=center
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| | Ψψ || ''yé'' || Yy
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| |- align=center
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| | Ζζ || ''zét'' || Zz
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| |}
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| In this alphabet, there's no vowel addition as previous, so when ''Ya'' is about to written, it'll written as 'ψα''.
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| ===Hangul (한굴 ''Han-gul'')===
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| This alphabet is Indonesian version of Korean Hangeul with addition to the letters. Added as national writing system on 2012, along with Hebrew, Greek, and Cyrillic.
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| The letters are:
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| {| class="wikitable"
| |
| ! rowspan=1| Letter
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| ! colspan=1| Name
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| ! colspan=1| Roman equivalent
| |
| |-
| |
| |- align=center
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| | ㅂ || ''bé'' || B
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| |- align=center
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| | ㅈ || ''jé'' || J
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| |- align=center
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| | ㄷ|| ''dé'' || D
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| |- align=center
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| | ㄱ || ''gé'' || G
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| |- align=center
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| | ㅅ || ''és'' || S
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| |- align=center
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| | ㅃ || ''fé'' || F
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| |- align=center
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| | ㅉ || ''zét'' || Z
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| |- align=center
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| | ㄸ || ''ddé'' || Dd
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| |- align=center
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| | ㄲ || ''qi'' || Q
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| |- align=center
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| | ㅆ || ''éš'' || Š
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| |- align=center
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| | ㅁ || ''ém'' || M
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| |- align=center
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| | ㄴ || ''én'' || N
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| |- align=center
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| | ㅇ || ''eng'' || not read on top, Ng on bottom
| |
| |- align=center
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| | ㄹ || ''rél'' || R on top, L on botton. If there's R on bottom, use ㄽ
| |
| |- align=center
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| | ㅎ || ''ha'' || H
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| |- align=center
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| | ㅋ || ''ka'' || K
| |
| |- align=center
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| | ㅌ || ''té'' || T
| |
| |- align=center
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| | ㅊ || ''cé'' || C
| |
| |- align=center
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| | ㅍ || ''pé'' || P
| |
| |- align=center
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| | ㅏ || ''an'' || A
| |
| |- align=center
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| | ㅓ || ''én'' || É
| |
| |- align=center
| |
| | ㅡ || ''en'' || E
| |
| |- align=center
| |
| | ㅣ || ''in'' || I
| |
| |- align=center
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| | ㅜ || ''un'' || U
| |
| |- align=center
| |
| | ㅗ || ''on'' || O
| |
| |- align=center
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| | ㅑ || ''ya'' || Â
| |
| |- align=center
| |
| | ㅕ || ''yé'' || Ê
| |
| |- align=center
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| | ㅠ || ''yu'' || Û
| |
| |- align=center
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| | ㅛ || ''yo'' || Ô
| |
| |- align=center
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| | ㅔ || ''é tipis'' || E on bottom position on English words, like shap'''e'''
| |
| |- align=center
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| | ㅐ || ''éng'' || not read
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| |- align=center
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| | ㅖ || ''è tipis'' || Ue on bottom position on English words, like uniq'''ue'''
| |
| |- align=center
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| | ㅒ || ''êng'' || Y
| |
| |}
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| | |
| Vowel addition for this alphabet is inserted into basic alphabet. However, for particle starting with w, here's the clue:
| |
| {| class="wikitable"
| |
| ! rowspan=1| Letter
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| ! colspan=1| Name
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| ! colspan=1| Roman equivalent
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| |-
| |
| |- align=center
| |
| | ㅘ || ''wa'' || wa
| |
| |- align=center
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| | ㅟ || ''wi'' || wi
| |
| |- align=center
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| | ㅝ || ''wé'' || wé
| |
| |- align=center
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| | ㅙ || ''w'' || w
| |
| |- align=center
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| | ㅞ || ''we'' || we
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| |- align=center
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| | ㅢ || ''ui'' || ui
| |
| |- align=center
| |
| | ㅚ || ''oi'' or ''oy'' || oy
| |
| |}
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| | |
| Unlike the Korean Hangeul alpabet, this fixes the letter problem on Korean Hangeul when placed on bottom, yet this is the what-you-see-is-what-you-must-read version of it.
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| | |
| ===Arabian (اَرَب ''Arab'') and Hebrew (אִבּרַנִ ''Ibrani'')===
| |
| Arabian and Hebrew are an abjad, means there're no letter functioning as vowel in it. But they use vowel sign on top or bottom of the letter. Arabic, known previously as ''Pegon'' was the first writing system to write the Malay language (Indonesian and Malaysian). Hebrew added as national writing system on 2012, along with Cyrillic, Greek, and Hangul.
| |
| | |
| The letters are:
| |
| {| class="wikitable"
| |
| ! rowspan=1| Arabian
| |
| ! colspan=1| Hebrew
| |
| ! colspan=1| Name
| |
| ! colspan=1| Roman equivalent
| |
| |-
| |
| |- align=center
| |
| | ا || א || ''alf'' || not read in front (except if it has a vowel sign), glottal stop in middle and back (vowel on middle and back uses ayn letter)
| |
| |- align=center
| |
| | ع || ע || ''ayn'' || unallowed in front, hard glottal stop in middle and back if without vowel sign, vowel sound if with vowel sign
| |
| |- align=center
| |
| | ب || בּ || ''ba'' || B
| |
| |- align=center
| |
| | چ || זּ || ''ca'' || C
| |
| |- align=center
| |
| | د || ד || ''da'' || D
| |
| |- align=center
| |
| | ف || פּ || ''fa'' || F
| |
| |- align=center
| |
| | گ || ג || ''ga'' || G
| |
| |- align=center
| |
| | ح || ה || ''ha'' || H
| |
| |- align=center
| |
| | ج || גּ || ''ja'' || J
| |
| |- align=center
| |
| | ڽ || || ''ña'' || Ñ
| |
| |- align=center
| |
| | ك || כך || ''ka'' || K (ך uppercase K, כ lowercase k)
| |
| |- align=center
| |
| | ل || ל || ''la'' || L
| |
| |- align=center
| |
| | م || מם || ''ma'' || M (ם uppercase M, מ lowercase m)
| |
| |- align=center
| |
| | ن || נן || ''na'' || N (ן uppercase N, נ lowercsae n)
| |
| |- align=center
| |
| | ڠ || || ''nga'' || Ng
| |
| |- align=center
| |
| | ڤ || פף || ''pa'' || P (ף uppercase P, פ lowercase p)
| |
| |- align=center
| |
| | ق || ק || ''qa'' || Q
| |
| |- align=center
| |
| | ر || ר || ''ra'' || R
| |
| |- align=center
| |
| | س || ס || ''sa'' || S
| |
| |- align=center
| |
| | ش || ש || '''ša''' || Š
| |
| |- align=center
| |
| | ت || ת || ''ta'' || T
| |
| |- align=center
| |
| | ؤ || ב || ''va'' || V
| |
| |- align=center
| |
| | و || ו || ''wa'' || W
| |
| |- align=center
| |
| | ث || צץ|| ''þa'' || Þ (ץ uppercase Þ, צ lowercase þ)
| |
| |- align=center
| |
| | خ || כּ || ''xa'' || X
| |
| |- align=center
| |
| | ي || י || ''ya'' || Y
| |
| |- align=center
| |
| | ز || ז || ''za'' || Z
| |
| |}
| |
| | |
| | |
| Vowel sign:
| |
| {| class="wikitable"
| |
| ! rowspan=1| Arabian
| |
| ! colspan=1| Hebrew
| |
| ! colspan=1| Name
| |
| ! colspan=1| Roman equivalent
| |
| |-
| |
| |- align=center
| |
| | َ || ַ || ''a'' || A
| |
| |- align=center
| |
| | ِ || ִ || ''i'' || I
| |
| |- align=center
| |
| | ي ِ || ֵ || ''é'' || É
| |
| |- align=center
| |
| | ى َ || ֶ || ''e'' || E
| |
| |- align=center
| |
| | ُ || ֻ || ''u'' || U
| |
| |- align=center
| |
| | و َ || ָ || ''o'' ||O
| |
| |- align=center
| |
| |}
| |
| | |
| | |
| Like many Semitic abjad, these sets of letter written from right to left, but Hebrew usually written left to right because of its shape and letter ruleless. Arabian is written different from Hebrew. More info at [[Wikipedia:Arabic_Abjad|Arabian]] and [[Wikipedia:Hebrew_Alphabet|Hebrew]]
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| [[Category:Fandom]]
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