Reconfiguration Matrix
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The Reconfiguration Matrix (or Internal Reconfiguration Matrix) is a device incorporated into G1 Optimus Prime which allows him to transform his body into numerous entirely distinct robot and vehicle modes.<ref>The first mention of the Matrix was in the on-package bio for Prime's Go-Bot incarnation, though later information indicates that it was also a part of his "Laser_Rod" form as well.</ref>
The mechanism by which the Matrix operates is not known, but it seems certain that it has some kind of advanced matter-energy manipulation capabilities, as it not only allows Prime himself to assume dramatically different physical forms, it can reconfigure the bodies of others, and even produce new bodies for disassociated Sparks.
Fiction
Japanese Generation 2
Wheeljack, Perceptor and Jetfire formed a research team which studied the properties of the Matrix of Leadership and eventually discovered the Reconfiguration Matrix mechanism within it.
In an epic battle with Megatron, Optimus Prime's weaponry was disabled by Hooligan. He was then badly injured by an attack from Dreadwing and Smokescreen. Megatron finally administered the fatal blow and believed his enemy was finally finished. The sparks of past Autobot leaders within the Matrix of Leadership then activated the Reconfiguration Matrix, reviving Optimus Prime as Battle Convoy.
Timelines
Prime used the Matrix to generate a new form for Ironhide after he was badly damaged at the battle of Moon Base Four. <ref>Timelines Ironhide's tech spec bio</ref>
E-Hobby
An even more noteworthy event involving the Matrix was the return of Ultra Magnus from his death at the hands of the Decepticons. Since Magnus had briefly carried the Matrix of Leadership, his Spark retained its consciousness of the world outside the Allspark. Learning that Galvatron II had gained command of the Warworld, he contacted Prime through the Matrix of Leadership, and used the Reconfiguration Matrix to resurrect himself. Interestingly, Magnus' new body also has the ability to transform itself into many physically disparate forms, but whether this means he also carries a copy of the Reconfiguration Matrix is unknown.<ref>E-Hobby Laser Ultra Magnus' profile information</ref>
Footnotes
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