Sensor
Sensors are essential components of mechanical beings, especially Transformers. They serve a wide variety of functions and feed a mechanoid information about the environment around it. Many mechanoids have specialized sensor packages that are unique or rare, and throughout Cybertronian history the standard installment of sensors has varied.
Audio Sensors
Audio Sensors are a component of Transformer anatomy that allows them to hear sounds in their environment. Some are more acute than others, allowing recording of normally inaudible frequencies.
As part of a demonstration of the Dinobots, Blaster transformed into his alternate form allowing Grimlock to practice his fine tuned laser breath to start up Blaster's music. Ironhide told Blaster to stop the music as it was so loud that it was fusing his audio sensors. Dinobot Island, Part 1
Olfactory Sensors
Olfactory sensors are a sensor unit used to detect the scents of others. It is very common in animal based Transformers. Ravage possessed one of the most powerful olfactory sensors.<ref name=TUG>Transformers: The Ultimate Guide</ref>
After the Great Upgrade from Autobot to Maximal, olfactory sensors were included among sensor units. Silverbolt had impressive olfactory sensors. When Ravage entered the Axalon, he was able to smell Ravage, but was unable to pinpoint exactly where he was. The Agenda, Part 1
While searching for Cheetor, Waspinator detected him, saying he caught the stink of an "unnatural"...present company excluded, of course. Later, Optimus Primal was able to smell Dinobot 2 coming. Feral Scream, Part 2
Very unique was that Depth Charge was able to smell the spark of Rampage. He commented that the newly born Dinobot 2 "stank of Rampage". Feral Scream, Part 1
Tarantulas had a distinctive odor about him. Dinobot said that it smelled like "vile corruption, a whiff of festering putrification". Interestingly, it smelled just like the limburger sandwich that Rattrap had just eaten. The Low Road
Optics
The optics on a Transformer mostly seem to perform in an identical way to human eyes, including all the flaws, such as the ability to be dazzled by bright light sources pointed directly at them.
While all Transformers can usually be assumed to see in the same visual spectrum of colours than humans see in, there are obviously exceptions who are completely colour-blind, and some Transformers demonstrate different perceptions (usually wherever the plot calls for it). Wreck-Gar, for instance, has 'magentic vision,' probably quite useful given the uniform reddish hue of his home planet of Junkion!