Transformer naming
All Transformers are given a name at birth, identical to humans. However, the methods of naming them are quite different from the way humans are named.
Differences between human and Transformer naming
Initially
Unlike humans, who are named from a selection of generic 'namey' words like Peter or Frank, Transformers generally appear to be named with respect to their abilities, for example Soundwave is named as such because the character is frequently associated with music.
Autobot
Autobots generally have very noble-sounding names such as Optimus, Hot Rod and, erm, Wheelie. A suffix appended to their name to signify their rank in the case of the Autobots. When addressing characters of higher rank or not on a personal level, the full name or rank is used (eg. Optimus Prime or Prime.) When addressing characters of equal or lower rank, or on a personal level, just the name can be used (eg. Optimus.) In the real world, this makes the Autobots sound more like noble characters.
Decepticons are named generally with harsher-sounding names such as Megatron, Starscream and Blitzwing - in-universe for no explained reason, and in the real-world because they sound more like evil characters than, say "Wheelie" does.
Impracticalities from a real-world perspective
On Cybertron, such things as bumblebees and jazz music don't exist, so it is fairly safe to assume that Transformers' names in English are vastly different from their real Cybertronian ones. While in the real world Transformers are named after human items that the public can relate with, it becomes rather confusing when Transformers' names are viewed from an in-universe perspective.
Possible explanations
In the episode Autoboot Camp of Animated, Sentinel Minor assigns codenames to each of his students based on an aspect of their physiology (or just how he feels about them):
- Longarm because of his ability to strech his limbs to great distances...
- Ironhide because of his ability to cover himself in armour plating...
- Wasp because of his accuracy with his stinger weapons...
- Bumblebee because of his "bumbling" in subsequently trying to prove himself better than Wasp...
- ...and Bulkhead because Sentinel thinks he is stupid.
This is still without explanation when viewed retroactively - "arms" are always referred to as 'servos' in Transformers continuity, wasps and bumblebees are organic creatures and are presumably unheard of on Cybertron (and how Sentinel came up with "Bumblebee" from "Bumble" leaves questions as to why he didn't go with the more logical Bumbler. Iron is presumably not the substance Ironhide covers himself with, and a bulkhead is a real-world item: a wall within the hull of a ship, vehicle, or container.
Of course, in terms of practicality and for simplicity's sake, it's best not to think about it - if the above paragraph's logic had been initially applied, then Shockwave would be disguised as 'Longservo', which does not work as a name. It just sounds silly. Longarm does work and does not sound silly, however.

